Tratamiento endovascular con stent no cubierto en el trombo flotante intraaórtico / Endovascular treatment with a bare stent in floating intra-aortic thrombus

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Pseudoaneurismas arteriales secundarios a fractura de fémur: opciones terapéuticas / Arterial pseudoaneurysms secondary to femur fracture: treatment options

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Reflux patterns and risk factors of primary varicose veins' clinical severity.

OBJECTIVES: Primarily, to determine the association between the clinical severity of primary varicose veins and different reflux patterns in an anatomic and haemodynamic clinical study using duplex ultrasonography (DU). Secondly, to analyse the association of clinical severity with other aspects, such as risk factors for chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and other concurrent diseases. METHOD: A total of 2036 limbs were evaluated using DU. Clinical status was characterized by the CEAP (clinical, aetiological, anatomical and pathological elements) classification. The degree of clinical severity was grouped into two categories, mild to moderate CVI (C1­C3)and severe CVI, characterized by the presence of skin changes (C4­C6). We analysed the association of the different reflux patterns with CEAP status. RESULTS: Saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) reflux of the great saphenous vein (GSV) was associated with the most severe form of the disease (odds ratio [OR] » 2.96; confidence interval [CI] 95%: 2.2­3.8), whereas competent SFJ of the GSV with reflux from proximal veins (OR » 2; CI 95%: 1.4­2.7) and the pure non-saphenous reflux (OR » 4.1; CI 95%:1.8­9.0) were associated with mild to moderate CVI. Obesity increased the frequency of severe CVI 2.7 times (OR » 2.7; CI 95%: 1.6­4.6); being a woman also increased the frequency of more severe disease 1.3 times (OR » 1.3; CI 95%: 1.0­1.7). CONCLUSION: Anatomical and haemodynamic studies by DU are postulated as a useful diagnostic tool that allow, by identifying the pattern of venous reflux of varicose pathology, characterization of the probable association to CVI clinical severity.

Resultados del tratamiento endovascular de los aneurismas de arteria poplítea / Results of endovascular treatment of popliteal artery aneurysms

Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados a largo plazo del tratamiento endovascular de los aneurismas de arteria poplítea (AAP). Pacientes y métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de una serie de 27 AAP intervenidos en 24 pacientes entre enero de 2004 y diciembre de 2010. Parámetros a valorar: complicaciones, salvamento de extremidad y permeabilidad según el método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: La edad media fue de 69±12 años. El diámetro medio de los AAP era de 29,5±13mm, con salida por 3 troncos distales en la mitad. Seis casos eran sintomáticos. Se utilizó técnica híbrida en 25 casos, mediante abordaje de la arteria femoral superficial proximal, y percutánea en 2. Se emplearon endoprótesis Fluency en 21 casos y Viabahn/Hemobahn en 6. Promedio de endoprótesis por caso: 2. Éxito técnico inicial: 100%. Morbimortalidad postoperatoria nula. Estancia media: 2,6±2 días. Control periódico clínico y ecográfico en todos los casos. Con una media de seguimiento de 51±24 meses se produjeron 9 oclusiones, 7 el primer año. Otras complicaciones: 2 migraciones con endoleak tipo I, 2 fracturas y una rotura contenida. Hubo 6 conversiones a cirugía abierta, la mayoría por trombólisis fallida, estando todos los bypass funcionantes. Permeabilidad primaria y secundaria a 4 años: 66 y 72%, respectivamente. Salvamento de la extremidad: 100%. No hubo pérdidas de seguimiento, durante el cual se produjeron 2 exitus por neoplasia. Conclusiones: El tratamiento endovascular de los AAP presenta una baja morbimortalidad y puede ser una alternativa terapéutica a la cirugía convencional(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the long term results of the endovascular treatment of popliteal aneurysms. Patients and methods: A retrospective analysis of 27 popliteal aneurysms in 24 patients operated on between January 2004 and December 2010. Endpoints: Complications, limb salvage and patency using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The mean age of the patients was 69±12 years. The mean diameter of aneurysms: 29.5±13mm. There were three run-off vessels patency in 52%. Six aneurysms were symptomatic. The technique with dissection of the proximal superficial femoral artery was used in 25 cases, and percutaneous in two. Fluency endografts were used in 21 cases, and Viabahn/Hemobahn in 6. The average number of stent-grafts per case was two. Initial tecnical success was obtained in 100%. There was no postoperative morbidity or mortality. The average in-hospital stay was 2.6±2 days. Clinical and duplex follow-up was possible in all patients. Nine occlusions (seven during the first year) were documented, with an average follow-up of 51±24 months. Other complications: two migrations with endoleak type I, two fractures, and one contained rupture. There were six conversions to bypass surgery, most of them due to failed thrombolysis, all remaining patent. Primary and secondary patency at 4 years was 66 and 72%, and limb salvage was 100%. No patient was lost in the follow-up, and two died of neoplasia. Conclusions: Endovascular treatment of popliteal aneurysms is a feasible and safe therapeutic alternative to conventional bypass surgery, with low morbidity and mortality(AU)

Cirugía conservadora en el tratamiento de los tumores renales de novo en injertos de trasplante renal / Neprhon sparing surgery for renal tumours on kidney transplantation

Introducción: En la actualidad, la cirugía conservadora para el tratamiento del cáncer renal, obtiene unos buenos resultados oncológicos y funcionales, similares a la cirugía radical, con la ventaja de preservar la función renal. Los tumores renales aparecen de novo en el 4,6% de la población transplantada, en comparación con el 3% de la población general, afectando en menos del 10% al injerto renal. Objetivo: El propósito de este trabajo es analizar la experiencia de nuestro centro y realizar revisión de la literatura, en el tratamiento quirúrgico conservador de los tumores renales de novo en injertos de trasplante renal. Material y método: Se realiza un estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo. Hemos analizado 4 pacientes transplantados renales (0,2%), que presentan tumor renal de novo en el injerto renal y tratados mediante cirugía conservadora, desde 1981 hasta agosto de 2008. Se revisaron los resultados funcionales y oncológicos, en comparación con las series publicadas. Se utiliza software informático SPSS 12.0.ResultadosLa mediana de edad al diagnóstico es 46,5 años (42–62). La mediana de tiempo desde el trasplante hasta el diagnóstico es de 92 meses (42–192m). El tamaño mediano ecográfico es de 2,4cm (1,5–3,5) y el tamaño histológico final es 3,0cm (1,7–3,5). Se realizó cirugía conservadora sobre el injerto renal en todos los casos, en 3 de ellos se realizó tumorectomía y una nefrectomía parcial. Solo un paciente (25%) requirió clampaje del pedículo y solo un paciente se transfundió. La estancia mediana hospitalaria es de 6 días. La anatomía patológica muestra carcinoma de células renales en todos los casos, en estadio pT1aN0M0. La función renal no empeoró con respecto al preoperatorio. Todos los pacientes están libres de recidiva con un tiempo mediano de seguimiento de 46,5 meses (15–58). Dos pacientes han fallecido por causas no relacionadas. Conclusiones: La cirugía conservadora renal puede ser una opción de tratamiento para el tratamiento de tumores del injerto. En nuestra experiencia, es un método seguro, en lesiones de pequeño tamaño, que aporta buenos resultados funcionales y oncológicos (AU)

Introduction: Nowadays, nephron sparing surgery for renal carcinoma achieves good oncological results, similar to radical surgery, with the advantage of preserving renal function. Renal cell carcinomas appear de novo in 4.6% of post-transplant patients compared with 3% of tumors in the general population, affecting less than 10% to renal allograft. Objective: The purpose is to analyze our experience and make a literature review about the role of nephron sparing surgery to treat de novo renal tumours in renal grafts. Material and methods: A retrospective and descriptive analysis has been realized, finding four patients who presented with de novo renal tumours over renal graft after kidney transplantation and treated by nephron sparing surgery. A Medline review is done to search similar series published. Oncological and functional results were reviewed and analyzed. We worked with SPSS 12.0 software. Results: Medium age at diagnosis was 46.5 y (42–62). Medium size was 2.4cm. (1.5–3.5) and final histology showed medium tumours size of 3.0cm. (1.7–3.5). Medium hospital stay was 6.0d. Medium time from transplantation to diagnosis was 92 months (42–192). NSS was done in all cases, in 3 cases tumorectomy and one partial nephrectomy. Transfusion was only needed in one case. All cases had pT1aN0M0 RCC histology exam. Renal function did not change from preoperative. All patients are free of progression with a medium follow-up of 46.5 months (15–58). Conclusions: NSS could be an option to treat graft tumours in selected cases, preserving renal function. In our experience, is a safe and efficient treatment in patients with small de novo renal tumours over renal graft (AU)

[Neprhon sparing surgery for renal tumours on kidney transplantation]. / Cirugía conservadora en el tratamiento de los tumores renales de novo en injertos de trasplante renal.

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays, nephron sparing surgery for renal carcinoma achieves good oncological results, similar to radical surgery, with the advantage of preserving renal function. Renal cell carcinomas appear de novo in 4.6% of post-transplant patients compared with 3% of tumors in the general population, affecting less than 10% to renal allograft. OBJECTIVE: The purpose is to analyze our experience and make a literature review about the role of nephron sparing surgery to treat de novo renal tumours in renal grafts. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective and descriptive analysis has been realized, finding four patients who presented with de novo renal tumours over renal graft after kidney transplantation and treated by nephron sparing surgery. A Medline review is done to search similar series published. Oncological and functional results were reviewed and analyzed. We worked with SPSS 12.0 software. RESULTS: Medium age at diagnosis was 46.5 y (42-62). Medium size was 2.4cm. (1.5-3.5) and final histology showed medium tumours size of 3.0cm. (1.7-3.5). Medium hospital stay was 6.0d. Medium time from transplantation to diagnosis was 92 months (42-192). NSS was done in all cases, in 3 cases tumorectomy and one partial nephrectomy. Transfusion was only needed in one case. All cases had pT1aN0M0 RCC histology exam. Renal function did not change from preoperative. All patients are free of progression with a medium follow-up of 46.5 months (15-58). CONCLUSIONS: NSS could be an option to treat graft tumours in selected cases, preserving renal function. In our experience, is a safe and efficient treatment in patients with small de novo renal tumours over renal graft.

Reflux or not reflux? Reflexiones sobre la publicación anglosajona del término en las varices primarias de los miembros inferiores en relación con nuestro entorno / Reflux or not reflux? Reflections on the term used in English language publications in relation to primary varicose veins of the lower limbs compared to that in Spanish literature

El significado práctico del término "reflux" en el estudio hemodinámico de las varices primarias publicado en la literatura varía en función del marco conceptual que se tenga de las distintas alteraciones hemodinámicas del sistema venoso. En este trabajo se exponen los fundamentos hemodinámicos y las discrepancias más interesantes entre la literatura anglosajona y "nuestro entorno"(AU)

The meaning of "reflux" in the haemodynamic study of primary varicose veins varies in the literature, according to different concepts of haemodynamic disorders of venous system. In this paper we present the haemodynamic basis and the main differences between English and Spanish literature(AU)

Sabinas syndrome in monozygotic twins.

A pair of 2-year-old female monozygotic twins presented with short and brittle hair. There was marked reduction in hair density, and excessive curving of the eyelashes. Onychodystrophy was also evident. They also had developmental delay in verbal and motor skills. Neither their parents nor other relatives were known to be affected, and there was no history of consanguinity. Examination of the hair shaft under light microscopy showed trichoschisis, which was more evident under electron microscopy. Under polarized light, the hair shafts showed the pathognomonic 'tiger-tail' pattern. The level of sulphur in the hair was low. Both patients were negative for TTDN1 mutation. Clinical correlation was performed and the diagnosis of Sabinas syndrome was made. Sabinas syndrome is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder first described in a group of patients from a small community in north-eastern Mexico. It is diagnosable at birth, and its major symptoms include brittle hair, mental retardation and nail dysplasia. Structural hair abnormalities are seen by both light and electron microscopy.

[Kaposis sarcoma in a renal graft]. / Sarcoma de Kaposi sobre injerto renal.

Kaposi's sarcoma is an infrequent tumor of unknown cause, but with a higher impact in immune depressed individuals, particularly in HIV and transplant patients. It usually appears as a benign cutaneous lesions, while the invasive visceral form is uncommon with malignant evolution and wit rare remission. We present a patient with a Kaposi's sarcoma localised in a renal graft and bad response even when immuno suppression was discontinued.

Tratamiento endovascular de una fístula aortocava complicado con una endofuga tipo II / Endovascular treatment of an aortocaval fistula complicated by a type II endoleak

Introducción. La fístula aortocava secundaria a rotura de aneurisma de aorta abdominal es una complicaciónmuy poco frecuente con elevada morbimortalidad. Caso clínico. Varón de 71 años de edad que presentaba aneurisma deaorta abdominal infrarrenal roto y fistulizado a cava inferior. Se realizó una intervención urgente mediante endoprótesisaortouniilíaca derecha e injerto femorofemoral. Como complicación, endofuga tipo II por arteria mesentérica inferiorque presurizaba el saco aneurismático y mantenía permeable la fístula. En un segundo tiempo se implantó una endoprótesisen la cava inferior y se embolizó el saco con Onyx ® mediante punción translumbar ecoguiada. En el postoperatorio,hubo mejoría hemodinámica, pero la endofuga y la fístula seguían permeables. Al mes se realizó una nueva intervenciónpor persistencia de la fístula aortocava con débito elevado y pseudoaneurisma femoral derecho de gran tamaño, conexplantación de la endoprótesis aórtica, cierre de la comunicación aortocava, reparación del seudoaneurisma femoral einterposición de prótesis aortobifemoral. La endoprótesis cava ayudó a atenuar la hemorragia intraoperatoria. Controlevolutivo a los dos años: paciente asintomático con endoprótesis cava permeable. Conclusión. Las complicaciones de lacirugía endovascular de la fístula aortocava parecen frecuentes y pueden requerir reconversión abierta si ésta fracasa

Introduction. An aortocaval fistula secondary to rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm is a very rarecomplication with high morbidity and mortality rates. Case report. A 71-year-old male who presented an infrarenalabdominal aorta aneurysm that was ruptured and fistulised to the inferior cava. Urgent surgery was performedinvolving a right aortouniiliac stent and a femorofemoral graft. The situation was complicated by a type II endoleak viathe inferior mesenteric artery that put pressure on the aneurysmal sac and kept the fistula patent. Later, a stent wasplaced in the inferior cava and the sac was embolised with Onyx ® by means of ultrasound-guided translumbar puncture.In the post-operative period a haemodynamic improvement was observed, but the endoleak and the fistula remainedpatent. At one month, a second operation was performed due to persistence of the aortocaval fistula with a high debitand a large right femoral pseudoaneurysm, with explantation of the aortic stent, closure of the aortocaval communication,repair of the femoral pseudo-aneurysm and placement of an aortobifemoral stent. The caval stent helped to reduceintraoperative bleeding. A control visit was carried out at two years and the patient was found to be asymptomatic and thecaval stent was patent. Conclusions. Complications of endovascular surgery carried out to treat aortocaval fistulas seemto be frequent and may require open restructuring if endovascular techniques fail

Quiste de Tarlov y disfunción vesical sintomática / Tarlov cyst and symptomatic bladder disfunction

El quiste de Tarlov o quiste perineural son lesiones de las raíces nerviosas localizadas a nivel de la región sacra y de etiología incierta. La mayoría de estos quistes permanecen asintomáticos y carecen de relevancia clínica. Los quistes sintomáticos son infrecuentes y los síntomas más habituales son el dolor y las radiculopatías. Nosotros presentamos el caso de una mujer de 53 años con un quiste de Tarlov sintomático ( síndrome de frecuencia y urgencia miccional) que tras el tratamiento quirúrgico presenta una mejoría clínica importante (AU)

Tarlov cysts or perineural cyst are lesions of the nerve roots located at the sacral level and uncertain etiology. Most of these cysts remain asymptomatic with no clinical relevance. The symptomatic cysts are uncommon and the usual symptoms are pain or radiculopathy. We report the case of a 53 year old woman with a symptomatic cyst (with a history of frequency and urgency syndrom), that disappears after surgery (AU)

Sarcoma de Kaposi sobre injerto renal / Kaposi´s sarcoma in a renal graft

El sarcoma de Kaposi es un tumor infrecuente de causa desconocida, pero con una mayor incidencia en pacientes inmunodeprimidos, sobre todo en trasplantados y VIH positivos. Habitualmente se presenta como lesiones cutáneas de buen pronóstico, siendo la forma invasiva visceral rara, agresiva y rara su remisión. Presentamos un paciente con un sarcoma de Kaposi a nivel del injerto renal y mala respuesta a pesar de retirarla inmunosupresión (AU)

Kaposi´s sarcoma is an infrequent tumor of unknown cause, but with a higher impact in immune depressed individuals, particularly in HIV and transplant patients. It usually appears as a benign cutaneous lesions, while the invasive visceral form is uncommon with malignant evolution and wit rare remission. We present a patient with a Kaposi´s sarcoma localised in a renal graft and bad response even when immune suppression was discontinued (AU)

Melanoma en glande. A propósito de un caso / Melanoma of the glans penis. Case report

Objetivo: Presentar un nuevo caso de melanoma localizado en el glande. Métodos/Resultados: Presentamos en este artículo el caso de un paciente diagnosticado y tratado en nuestro servicio, describiendo su forma de presentación así como su manejo terapéutico. Conclusiones: El melanoma de localización peneana es una forma infrecuente de presentación de este tipo de tumores cutáneos. Hacemos especial hincapié en su diagnóstico, presentación clínica y manejo terapéutico, ya que se trata de una neoplasia que requiere un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoces debido a su pronta diseminación metastásica (AU)

Objective: To report one case of melanoma of the glans penis. Methods/Results: We present the case of a patient diagnosed and treated in our department describing diagnosis and therapeutic management. Conclusions: Melanoma of the penis is an uncommon presentation form of this kind of cutaneous tumor. We especially emphasize its diagnosis, clinical presentation and therapeutic management due to its prompt metastatic dissemination requiring early diagnosis and treatment (AU)

[Tarlov cyst and symptomatic bladder disfuction]. / Quiste de Tarlov y disfunción vesical sintomática.

Tarlov cysts or perineural cyst are lesions of the nerve roots located at the sacral level and uncertain aetiology. Most of these cysts remain asymptomatic with no clinical relevance. The symptomatic cysts are uncommon and the usual symptoms are pain or radiculopathy. We report the case of a 53-year-old woman witha symptomatic cyst (with a history of frequency and urgency syndrom), that disappears after surgery.

Atrapamiento peneano por anillos metálicos / Penile entrapment by metallic rings

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